We have been working with architects, engineers, homeowners and municipalities to really explain how pervious concrete is a comprehensive storm water mitigation device. It has proven difficult to help people to wrap their heads around how allowing water to soak in to where it falls, using pervious concrete, is a viable storm water management strategy - so we have started to use Dynamic System Modeling as a tool to help explain what is happening in a pervious concrete slab, and how much water it can infiltrate over time.
When we use the concept of infiltration over time, pervious concrete systems provide huge capacity, far exceeding most climate’s most intense storm events. That is most easily demonstrated using a software modeling system. This allows insight as to a system’s capacity, and informs design, to ensure that the pavement and drain rock base will meet or exceed the required storm water infiltration amounts.
Contact us for a consultation on your project or to schedule an office presentation to learn more!
design best practice
CSU East Bay has a new Concrete Testing Lab
David had taken some samples at a recent pour and wanted to get them tested. Fortunately, Cristian Gaedicke, Concrete Materials Professor at CSU East Bay, had a new lab with new equipment to break in. We headed over for a tour and a testing field trip. Below are some photos of our compression testing.
Read MorePervious Concrete and Maintenance - Your Questions Answered!
Recently, maintaining pervious concrete has come up several times in a week, prompting this blog post. The good news is that this conversation is happening. The bad news is that some people who are not on board with pervious are using an ill-informed maintenance opinion to shape their judgement. We here at Bay Area Pervious Concrete would like to clear up a few of the misconceptions around maintenance.
Firstly, we have found the relevance of maintenance is tied directly to the porosity of the slab itself. A healthy infiltration rate for a slab of pervious concrete is 250-1000 inches per square foot per hour. That ensures that even if the slab was 99% clogged, and the 5 year storm event was 3 inches in 24 hours (as we have here in the Bay Area), that slab would easily be able to absorb that entire storm. So at 99% clogged, the slab would take in 2.5 inches - 10 inches of stormwater per hour per square foot!
Secondly, here are three helpful resources to help with installing a good slab, maintaining it and the fixing a worst case scenario:
1) In order to make sure you get your healthy infiltration rates, an experienced and qualified contractor is required. We have performance based specs that you may review, so that you can be sure to get a good contractor and get a great pervious concrete installation! We also have a BAPC PolishedTM Pervious Spec that we will send at your request.
2) Regular maintenance that can be done, if there is a budget and a desire for a plan. We have put together a maintenance manual that we give to clients at their request when we finish work for them. This gives an idea what you can anticipate, allows one to set up a maintenance schedule, and has resources to call if clogging does occur.
3) Pervious concrete can recover porosity after clogging over years as shown from a research paper from Florida that came out a few years ago. The paper shows several slabs of unmaintained pervious ranging in age from 6 to 20 years old that were able to recover significant infiltration after a pressure washing, vacuuming or a combination of both - after YEARS of neglect. So, no maintenance, no problem!
Do you have any unanswered questions about maintenance and pervious concrete? Submit them here, and we may add them to this post!
Stormwater Sleuthing - Episode 2 - Palo Alto
David Liguori is back in the field, this time comparing a long sloped asphalt driveway with a neighboring long and sloped pervious concrete driveway during a rainstorm last year.
What did you think? Do you have a Stormwater Sleuthing location (in the Bay Area) that you would like David to investigate the next time it rains? Let us know in the comments below or contact us here. Thanks!
Graniterock Quarry Tour - with Photos!
The Bay Area Pervious Concrete team went to visit Graniterock at their Aromas location. Lauren arranged for a tour with Graniterock with their testing group. We piled into a car wit Katha and Greg, both in the Graniterock materials testing group. First we went to visit Big Bill, the massive material spreader.
Big Bill (pictured above) was at the end of a 3mile conveyor belt bringing material from the waste end of the crushing processing to the spreader. The wheels were at least 10 feet in diameter! It was a massive machine! The material being spread looked like moon dust!
After leaving Big Bill we went into the quarry. You could see the step-like traces of material that had been removed. The terraces started at the top of the hill and went rather deep, below sea level! There was this massive truck (pictured above)that was moving the 'raw' rock and rubble close to the initial crushing machine (picture below). The crushing machine was in the quarry and it was even more massive then Big Bill the spreader! Here are a few photos of the team with the crusher. It was not running at the time, I would imagine it would be deafening! From the large initial crusher, another conveyor, shorter then the 3 miler, takes the material to the processing yard.
The material on the initial conveyor is then sorted into two sizes (big, for dry processing, and smaller, for wet processing) before being further sifted, crushed and rinsed to final product sizes and blends. The processing yard was a maize of conveyors, buildings on stilts (the crushing/processing/screening) and piles of material. Going into their control tower, we could see the levels of complexity and organization to keep all of that machinery moving that went unseen in the maize outside the windows. Even further beneath the surface of the processing yard was another conveyor in a tunnel beneath the main stockpiles, to allow for high control of the custom blends and product development.
Graniterock's newest addition to the quantitative analysis even had this fabulous quality assessment program that noted the size of final aggregate moment to moment to ensure consistency of the final product. They could, in real time, plumb their data and understand how consistent their product was, and make appropriate adjustments to bring it back into line. That type of feedback allows the quality team to be responsive to current inventory as well as give the operations team insights as to how well their processes are processing. It was a fantastic set-up, although I may be a data geek.
It was a fantastic tour of a great facility. We learned a lot about the aggregates that we use frequently in the Peninsula as well as how it gets to us. Really good quality rock makes even better pervious concrete! Please send us comments or questions! :)
Pervious concrete and trees
How close can you pave to a tree?
Normally, it is inadvisable to pave inside the drip line of a tree. Depending on the size and age of a tree that can be a fairly sizable area. This can be problematic when traffic or use requires paving close to the tree. When traditional impervious pavements are installed near older established trees, it can spell the end of the tree. Is that true of pervious concrete?
It turns out there are two students at Texas A&M are doing this very research! Their recent work reveals pervious concrete does, in fact, enhance the growing conditions of established trees relative to traditional concrete. They poured traditional concrete around a few established trees, pervious concrete around a few established trees and left a few trees with no cover for the control, and measured tree health for a little over a year. The results: the trees surrounded by the pervious concrete had more trunk growth during the year then the trees surrounded by the traditional concrete!
What does this mean for you? The good news is that you can integrate pervious concrete paving into plant friendly parking lots and hardscape design, knowing that you are not compromising tree health. This also may open previously impossible parking or other paving possibilities due to the ability to extend the pervious concrete closer to the tree, well within the drip line. Yes, it can make installation tricky, but it can be done!
The takeaway is that pervious concrete is great for protecting mature trees. As you can see above, our clients think so too!
You can read more about pervious concrete effect on trees and their growth by reading the Texas A&M research paper listed on our Resources page.
2 Symptoms of Failed Pervious Concrete
2 Symptoms of Failed Pervious Concrete - Raveling and Sealing
Recently it has come to our attention that there appears to be a discrepancy in what a high-quality pervious concrete jobs looks like, and what has been passed off as high quality but in fact is not at all quality.
Failed installations have 2 main features: raveling and sealing.
Raveling is when the aggregate comes off of the slab as cement coated gravel. That can be an indication of poor mix design, poor installation technique or even misunderstand the weather's impact on the day of the pour.
Sealing is when the water pools and does not go through. It is possible to have sealing at the top, where it looks blotchy, or just beneath the surface such that the finish looks appropriate but does not drain. This is an indication of poor mix design. An experienced pervious concrete installer understands how critical the proper mix is and works closely with his ready-mix partners to get it right.
As we at BAPC have said before, pervious concrete is a tricky material and only those who are qualified, experienced and show a commitment to ongoing learning about techniques and mix designs are able to install and place pervious concrete with a consistent high quality.
We have created this video, complete with an amazing sound track, to illustrate what failed pervious concrete looks like, and what successful pervious concrete looks like. If you would like us to come out and evaluate your slab, or better yet, if you would like it done well the first time, please contact us.
From top- Pervious concrete, open graded crushed drain rock, geotech fabric, sub-base
4 Layers for Stormwater Management
We at Bay Area Pervious Concrete have come a long way towards developing the Pervious Concrete as a viable Stormwater Management System. Going through this diagram, you can see where the water goes -- one of our most frequently asked questions.
Starting at the bottom-SOIL
We do soil infiltration tests before our jobs so we can understand how fast the water will soak in, underneath the pervious concrete. Once we understand the infiltration rates and soil composition, we can engineer the appropriate depths to excavate for the next layer, the drain rock.
Before we lay the drain rock we sometimes will lay a layer of GEOTECH Fabric, which adds a helpful barrier against some less porous soil types. We determine the need for this during the soil composition and infiltration tests.
Now for the DRAIN ROCK!
Drain rock is laid several to many inches thick, depending on the rain event to be captured, the soil type below, and how much impervious surface is draining into this slab. It is a very specific type of drain rock, not the typical base used under concrete which is impervious - we want to maintain about 40% air space to both allow water to pass through and give it place to "hang out" if the soil has a slow infiltration rate.
Finally the PERVIOUS CONCRETE
The pervious concrete is then laid on top of the drain rock, screeded and rolled into place and covered in plastic, where it will cure for at least a week.
Redwood Avenue - Residential Installation
The Situation:
The client had flooding in the back and front of the house due to an uneven grade of the lot and excessive roof runoff.
Driveway before- 'pervious pavers' that had settled and were not performing the way the homeowner had hoped.
Sideyard before- muddy, and not very useful.
Why Pervious Concrete?
He initially wanted a pervious concrete driveway because of impervious ground cover limitations in his city.
The Solution:
We designed a pervious concrete driveway and side yard that is also the retention pond for all of the roof and yard runoff.The pervious concrete water retention system captures 100% of their runoff from the roof AND the lot. They now have a dry front yard, back yard and they can grill just off the kitchen without puddles!
Sideyard after- Now this space can be used for laundry and garbage bin storage.